Alcohols

Alcohols How To Spot An Alcohol All alcohols have the functional group -OH. This is attached to a hardocarbon chain. E.g. Ethanol**GENERAL FORMULA= CnH2n+1OH** **Naming Alcohols ** First we must name the carbon skeleton of the molecule, and give it the appropriate name. E.g. 1 carbon = methan 2 carbons = ethan 3 carbons = propan 4 carbons = butan

﻿ If the alcohol is more than two carbons long we must specify where the -OH is. We do this by putting the number of the carbon the -OH is attached to. this number goes between the name of the carbon chain e.g. propan, ethan e.t.c and the ol, that shows the molecule is an alcohol it is separted from these by a hyphen. E.g. Propan**-1-**ol The name of the functional group (-OH) is commonly given the suffix -ol. (This is always at the end of the alcohols name, unless it contains more than one -OH group, then a prefix is added to it). E.g. Ethan**ol** e.t.c   **Classfication Of Alcohols ** ﻿Alcohols can be split into 3 groups, primary alcohols, secondary alcohols and tertiary alcohols. <span style="color: #ff00c6; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Primary Alcohols- <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">﻿These have **two hydrogens on the -OH bearing carbon**. This **carbon is bonded to one other carbon atom.** **<span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Propan-1-ol  ** <span style="color: #ff00c6; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Secondary Alcohols- <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">﻿These have **two carbons** and only **one hydrogen on the -OH bearing carbon**. **<span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Propan-2-ol ** <span style="color: #ff00c6; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Tertiary Alcohols- <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">﻿These have **three carbons** and **no hydrogens on the -OH bearing carbon.**  <span style="color: #808080; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">**2-methylpropan-2-ol**