Haloalkanes

=__ ﻿ Haloalkanes (Halogenoalkanes)__=

The general formula of any haloalkane is CnH2n+1 which is shortened to R-X, where R is the hydrocarbon chain and X the halogen. ie F, Cl, Br, I etc. NAMING HALOALKANES:

How to name haloalkenes with a side chain e.g. 2-bromo-2-methylpropane
 * Naming the carbon chain is still the same, using meth-, eth-, prop-, but-, etc
 * The prefix depends on the halogen present. e.g Fluro-, Chloro-, Bromo-, Iodo-...
 * Numbers are used to show which carbon the halogen is bonded to.
 * Using the FANTASTIC model below, we would first count the longest stem of carbons for the root... [[image:1chloropropane.JPG]]
 * 3 = Propane. We then number the carbons to find out which carbon the halogen is bonded to. (start with the carbon nearest to (or the one) carbon that is bonded to the halogen...)
 * So the halogen is attatched to carbon number 1.
 * The last bit of information that is needed is the prefix which is taken from the halogen. For this example it will be Fluorine [[image:1chloropropane_next_step_2.JPG]]
 * So we use the prefix Fluro-
 * So our molecule is called **1- Fluro propane **
 * If there is more than one of the halogen present then numbers are used in front of the prefix indicating the halogen atom to show where they are positioned.
 * __Side chains__**
 * The first thing you do is work out the length of the longest carbon chain so in this case it would be 3 so the base of the name is propane.
 * Next you look at the branches coming off this initial chain. On this haloalkane there is a methyl group and a bromine group.
 * You have to find out the number of the carbon that the methyl group and the bromine group are attatched to. In this case they are both on the second carbon.
 * Finally you look at the alpahbetical order of the name. Because b comes before m the full name is 2-bromo-2-methylpropane.